Resuscitating apparatus.



G M. HAMMOND.

RBSUSGITATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12, 1911.

. H, I 962 w L@@%9%Qw WWW/[8858.

Ada

ATTORNEYS 0. M. HAMMOND.

RESUSOITATING APPARATUS.

APPLIUATION FILED JAN. 12,1911. jmfiw gwv. Patented. Feb. .24, 1914..

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES M. HAMMOND, 0F MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-TENTH OF TWO-THIRDS TO THOMAS E. ACKLEN.

OF MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE.

RESUSCITATING APPARATUS.

acetate.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 12, 1911.

Patented Feb. 24, 1914. Serial No. 602,268.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I. CHARLES M. HAM- MOND, acitizen of the .United States, and a resident of Memphis, in the countyof Shelby and State of Tennessee, have made certain new and usefulImprovements in Resuscitating Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to means for producing artificial respiration, andit consists in the constructions, combinations and arf rangements hereindescribed and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide a casing which may be placedover the body of a patient and through which the arms neck and legs mayproject. This casing forms an air space which may be relieved of theexternal air pressure, thereby causing the air within the lungs toexpand and a rush of air through the air passages into the lungs,similar to the movement of air caused j in natural breathing.

A further object of my invention is to provide means for alternatelyrelieving pres sure in the casing and restoring the original pressure inorder to facilitate the inhalation and the exhalation of the patient.

A further object of my invention is to provide a casing which is largeenough to admit a body of any size with means for closing the spacearound the arms, neck and legs of the patient when the latter is withinthe casing. These means are adjustable so as to fit limbs of varioussize.

A further object of my invention is to provide means whereby therapidity as Well as the intcnsity'of the alternate rarefactions;

and condensations may be regulated.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specificationand the novel features of the device will be particularly I pointed outin the appended claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part ofthis specification in which Figure 1 is a plan view showing oneembodimcnt of my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a valve forregulating the 3 pressure within the casing. Fig. 3 is a sectional viewof another valve for regulating the rarefaction within the'casmg. Fig. 41s a side view of an oscillating shaft bearing.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the pneumatic mech- 5 anism, the casing beingshown in section.

Fig. (l is a detail view showing a dowel pin and its seating. Fig. 7 isa view of a detachable collar. Fig. 8 is a detail view showing a portionof the driving mechanism for the bellows, and Fig. 5) is a perspectiveview of a modified neck piece.

In carrying out my invention I provide a caslng havmg an upper portion 1and a lowerportion 2, these portions being arranged to fit togetheraccurately by means of dowel pins 3, in one portion, which enter sockets4 in the other portion, as shown in Fig. (i. The casing is madepreferablv in the shape of a torso and is large enough to receive thebody of a patient of any size. When the sections are joined together asshown in Fig. 5, there is an opening 5 for the neck, and openings 6 forthe arms, and openings 7 for the legs. The casing may be j made of anysuitable material but I prefer to make it. of some light material suchas aluminum in order to withstand anv strain to which it may be put.Around the opening is a flanged collar 8, while around the openings 6and '7 are beveled collars 9. The pur- 5 pose of bevcling this collar isto permit the attachmentof a movable collar 10 such as that shown inFig. 7. This collar is provided with a flange 11 which is beveled so asto fit over the flange 9. It is provided with an L-shaped slot 12arranged to take over a pin 13 on the collar 9 in the manner of abayonet joint. The collar 10 is provided Q with a flange 14, see Fig. 1.over which may be stretched a resilient band 15 of rubber or othersuitable material. It is my purpose to make the collars 10 with varioussized openings each provided with a band similar to that shown at 15 inorder to accommodate patients having limbs of different size. This Iconsider an important feature of my invention. Moreover, as will beplainly seen from Fig. 5 the placing of the collar 10 on i the collar 9secures the two parts of the main 1 casing 1. and 2 together when byslightly rota ting the collar 10 these parts will be locked i and thecollar 10 will be locked to the collar 9. These removable collars areprovided for the arm and leg holes. Leading from the upper part of thecasing is a pipe 16 which fits over a collar 17 secured to the member 1.J T he member 1 is provided with two valves. one like that shown in Fig.2, and one like f that shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 2, the valve 49 which isscrewed to the frame of the shown in Fig. 5.

ranged to extend in the openings 48, see

consists of a threaded member 18 arranged to enter a threaded opening inthe member 1. The lower part of the member 18 is provided I withopenings 19 through which air can pass into the valve. The top part ofthe valve has a screw-cap 20 having an opening 21 which is adapted to beclosed by a valve 22. g A spring 23 holds the valve normally against itsseat. I

The valve shown in Fig. 3, is similar to that in Fig. 1 except that thevalve 22 is on the bottom and the screw-cap 20 is provided with openings19 through which air 1 can enter downwardly into the valve casing. j

The apparatus for producing rarefaction E and condensation of the airwithin the casing is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5. It consists of a boxB within which is secured a motor M. In the illustration I have shown anelectric motor, but obviously other means such as a hand-crank might beused without departing from the .spirit of the invention. The motor M isbelted to a drivewheel 25 which is mounted on a shaft 26 Whose end bearsa gear 27. Appropriate bearings 28 and 29 are provided Secured withinthe box is a bearing 30 which is somewhat similar in construction to thebearing 29. The latter is provided with a flange 31 which constitutesthe bearing for an inclined 1 shaft 32. The opposite end of the shaft isjournaled in a bearing 33 which is pivotally secured at 34 to thehearing 30 as shown in Fig. 4. The shaft 32 bears a movable frictionwheel 35 which is provided with a collar 36 having a set screw 37 sothat the friction wheel 35 may be moved longitudinally of the shaft 32and can be secured in any position therealong. As shown in the drawingsI provide two cones, each of which is carried by the bearings 29 and 30.One of the cones 36 is provided with a driving gear 38 which meshes withthe gear 27. The cone 39 is driven by the cone 36 through the medium ofthe friction wheel 35. It will be seen that this cone 39 has a flattenedportion 39 for a purpose hereinafter explained.

The shaft 40 of the cone 39 projects through the bearing 30 and isprovided on its outer end with a crank arm 41. The latter bears a pin 42at one end which'is adapted to project through a slot 43 in a link 44. Ahead 45 is provided for the pin. The end of the link 44 may be pivotallysecured to an arm 46 at various places therealong by means of the pin 47which is ar- Fig. 8. The arm is attached to a bellows box B. The bellowscommunicates with the tube 16 by means of a flexible pipe 50 as shown inFig. 5. A spring S keeps the bel lows normally in a retracted positionas From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device theoperation thereof may be readily understood.

The patient is placed in the casing and the two halves of the casing areplaced toshown at 10 which are secured to the casin, in the manneralready described, the resilient bands 15 being rolled up in theposition shown in Fig. 7. As soon as'the collars 10 are locked intoposition these bands are rolled up upon the limb so as to prevent theentrance of air into the casing. The motor is now started and the conesare caused to revolve by means of'the gears 27 and 38. The revolution ofthe cone 36 E causes the revolution of the cone 39 and the relativespeeds of these cones is determined by the position of the intermediatefriction wheel Considering now the position of the crank arm 41 as shownin Figs. 1 and 5, it will be apparent that with the cone revolving inthe direction shown by the arrow, the link 44 will be carried firstupwardly and then forwardly and the pressure on the bellows will causethe latter to force air into the casing thus tending to force the air inthe lungs of the patient out. It is not designed to increasethespressure much above' that of the outside atmosphere and thereforethe valve 22 will unseat if the pressure much exceeds this amount,letting out the air. On the further revolution of the cone 39 theflattened surface 39 comes into registration with the driving wheel 35.At the same time the link 44 will be in a position to move to the rear5. 0.. in a direction away from the.

bellows. The bellows is under the tension of the spring S and since thecone 39 is now free of the drive wheel 35 (on account of the flattenedsurface 39) the bellows will be free to spring back, the link 44 beingmoved to the rear by the movement of the bellows. This tends to forciblywithdraw air from the casing and compels the patient to inhale, orrather, produces an artificial inhalation due to a, rarefaction ,of theair within the casing and an expansion of the air in the patients lungs.The crank arm 41 is now moved by means of the link 44, (the latter stillbeing under the tension of the spring S) and this turns the cone 39until its periphery again meets that of the driving wheel 35 when theoperatic-11 will be repeated. The movement of the crank arm from theposition shown in Fig. 8 to- It will be apparent that during a portionof the revolution of the cone 39 the bellows is at rest, a. (2., fromthe position shown in Fig. 5 until such time as the pin 45 returns tothe end of the slot nearest the bellows. This will give sufiicient timefor the lungs of the atient to be filled with air. Further revolution ofthe cone 39 causes the air to be forced into the casing in the manneralready described. The reason for the sudden withdrawal of the air is toovercome the natural resistance of the chest walls. Thus a device inwhich the exhaustion of the air is slow and regular would not suflicefor the purposes of this invention, because the patient in the casingwould just be beginning to get air in his lungs when the bellows wouldagain close and force back the air, thus defeating the very object ofthis invention, to wit; to get the air in as rapidly as possible and togive the air time to act before bein expelled from the lungs of thepatient. The inactive period of the bellows, as explained above, permitsthis period of rest. Now when the air has done its work in the lungs ofthe patient it is expelled by forcing the air into the casing asheretofore explained.

From the foregoin description it will be seen that the air wit in thecasing is alternately exhausted and forced in. In order to prevent theair from being too far exhausted I arrange the valve 22 which when thepressure is reduced too suddenly will open and let in air from theoutside, the valve 22, on the other hand, prevents the application oftoo great a pressure within the casing as already described.

A few instances of the use of my device will suffice to demonstrate itsutility. In morphin poisoning the death of a person is not caused somuch by the toxic effect of the drug itself. as by the ell'ect onrespiratory organs which are so weakened that natural respiration issoon impossible. A patient therefore who has taken this poison may beput into the casing and artificial respiration may be kept upindefinitely until he has so far recovered that it is not necessary. Thesame thing is true in cases of pneumonia where artificial respirationcan be maintained. The degree of pressure and rarefaction can beadjusted so as to fit each case and the use of the apparatus will, ofcourse, obviate the fatigue of an operator by the manual manipulation ofthe arms and chest in the ordinary means of producing artificialrespiration. The apparatus can be used to resuscitate drowning personsand in cases of asphyxiation. It is obvious that the alternatewithdrawal and filling of the easing with the same air will tend to heatthe latter so that it is practically at the temperature of the body andin many cases it is desirable to have the surrounding) atmos here at thesame temperature of the ody. ther uses might be mentioned but thestatement of the main uses as given above will be sufficient to show themany advantages of this improved respirometer.

In Fig. 9 I have shown a modified form of neck piece. This consists ofthe sections 60 and 61, which may be fitted together around the neck ofthe patient. These sections taper toward the end 62, which is adapted toenter the collar 5. The opposite end of the sections 60 and 61 isrovided with an annular channel 64 and a ange 65. The rubber band isarranged to fit in the channel (34 and to be retained thereon by meansof the flange 65. The coneshaped collar thus formed by the members 60and 61 may be of diiferent size to accommodate patients of differentsize.

I claim:

1. In a respirometer, a casingadapted to fit the torso of a patient andhaving opening's for the limbs of the patient, means for preventing theentrance of air through said openings, and means for causing arelatively rapid exhaustion of a portion of the air within said casingand a comparatively slow return of the air so exhausted into the easmg.

an upper and a lower section, said casing being adapted to inclose thetorso of a patient, semi-cylindrical registering extensions on saidsections arranged to form openings in the casing for the limbs of thepatient, collars adapted to be locked on said registering extensions andelastic bands carried by said collars for engaging the limbs of thepatient to exclude the air.

3. In a respirometer, a casing adapted to inclose the torso of apatient, a bellows, a flexible tube establishing communication betweensaid bellows and said casing, means for exerting a sudden retraction ofsaid he]- lows to withdraw the air from said casing and for forcing theair so withdrawn gradually into said casing.

4. In a respirometer, a casing comprising an upper and a lower section,said casing being adapted to inclose the torso of a. patient,registering extensions on said sections arranged to form openings in thecasing for the limbs of the patient, means carried by said extensionsfor locking the casing sections together, and means for preventii' g theentrance or egress of air through said openings.

'JHARLES M. HAMMOND. Witnesses:

R. E. MAIDEN, Fancy FINLAY.

2. In a respirometer, a casing comprising

